Saturday, February 26, 2022

Alabama History & Culture News: February 26 edition

 



Here's the latest batch of links to just-published Alabama history and culture articles. Most of these items are from newspapers, with others from magazines and TV and radio station websites. Some articles may be behind a paywall. Enjoy!



Distinguished Lecture Series presenting Patti Callahan Henry
She is the recipient of The Christy Award 2019 Book of the Year winner, The Harper Lee Distinguished Writer of the Year for 2020 and the Alabama ...


UNA releases book about most influential women alumni - YouTube
The University of North Alabama has released a book featuring some of the most influential women in campus history.News 19 is North Alabama's News ...


Alabama author prepares fourth book in popular 'Maysa Brown' series
Alabama author prepares fourth book in popular 'Maysa Brown' series Hugh Hardy Jr. authors the "Maysa Brown" series of books. (contributed).

Righting a Wrong: State boosts preservation of Black history - WBRC
The racial justice protests of June 2020 found their way to the steps of the Alabama Department of Archives and History. In fact, you can find a ...

(Solomon Crenshaw Jr. / Alabama NewsCenter). Phyllis Palmer remembers laughing when her brother talked about being buried at Elmwood Cemetery.

Visit Historic Mooresville, the north Alabama town where two U.S. Presidents spent time - WAFF
It's no secret Alabama has a rich history, but did you know that two U.S. presidents and a film crew spent time in Mooresville, Alabama?

“Albert Murray: Collected Essays & Memoirs” By - Alabama Public Radio
The first five volumes were books by Melville, Hawthorne, Whitman, Stowe and Twain. There are over 300 volumes now, and Albert Murray is, ...


Alabama's first Black doctors and their lasting legacies - al.com
#BlackHistoryMonth and we begin with a weeklong examination of stories pulled from the book "The Colored Baptists of #Alabama."


You won't believe the history behind Hart's Fried Chicken - al.com
The oldest of 11 children, L.S. Hartzog was born in Barbour County, Alabama, and grew up on a farm. Robert says his Uncle Hot only went to school ...


G.W. Carver Interpretive Museum preserving history since 2000 - WTVY
“There is lots of powerful history here in Alabama and especially in the surrounding areas and this is why we have this space,” Jones said.

Historical Markers: Indian Treaty Boundary Line | News | unionspringsherald.com
This included Georgia and most of Central Alabama, to the United States Government. Major General Andrew Jackson continued to Louisiana and defeated ...


Cleon Jones, an Africatown resident and famed, retired New York Mets outfielder, helps guide the volunteers during the cemetery cleanup. (Alabama ...


Answer Man: Where can I find information about old Dothan postcards? | Local News ...
This vintage postcard shows the Dothan Opera House at 115 N. St. Andrews St. ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY POSTCARD COLLECTION.


Lynching, KKK, segregation: Tuscaloosa civil rights history marked
Capitol Park (2800 Sixth St.): A building once stood in Capitol Park that served as a meeting area for the Alabama Legislature.


New history of Pickens County Baptists highlights 300 years of church life in West Alabama ...
The book, “Studies in the History of the Pickens Baptist Association of West Alabama,” includes Farley's writings about Baptist work in the region ...


PFC Bill Morrison will be interred at the Alabama State Veterans Memorial Cemetery in Spanish Fort.


History Demands We Preserve the Wreck of America's Last Slave Ship - TIME
The ship is the key to that history, for all Americans. But the Alabama Historical Commission has yet to promise to the Clotilda descendants that the ...


Auburn University, Alabama Extension unveil historical marker recognizing Alfa centennial
Auburn University and the Alabama Cooperative Extension System celebrated the Alabama Farmers Federationand#8217;s recent centennial celebration ...


"It's a great day to be in Birmingham, Alabama"—notes from the Secretary of the Interior's ...
Birmingham had a special visitor this past week! Learn about Secretary Deb Haaland's visit + check out progress on the historic A.G. Gaston Motel!


'Architecture as an artifact': Auburn professors scan 3D digital reconstructions of historic ...
As the ashy paint that clings to the outside of the buildings across Alabama peel more and more with every passing year, two Auburn University ...


Georgia Gilmore, the Alabama Cook Who Fueled the Civil Rights Movement | Mental Floss
Georgia Gilmore and the “Club From Nowhere”. Georgia Gilmore preparing a box lunch.The Montgomery Advisor/Alabama Department of Archives and History, ...

Thursday, February 24, 2022

That Time Miss America Played Miss Alabama

Ok, let's see if we can sort this confusion out.

The silent film The American Venus is a romantic comedy set in the midst of a beauty pageant. Filming was done at the actual Miss America contest held in the Million Dollar Pier Ballroom in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on September 11, 1925. Additional filming for the Paramount Pictures release was done in Astoria Studios on Long Island, in Greenwich, Connecticut, and supposedly a "swimming hole" in Ocala, Florida. Unfortunately, the film is now lost. More about the film can be found here.

The AllMovie site has these comments:

"The physical attributes of lovely leading lady Esther Ralston are amply displayed in American Venus. This satire of beauty contests gets under way when two competing cosmetic companies seek the endorsement of the winner of the American Venus pageant (Ralston, of course). Complication ensue when it appears that our heroine's contest win was rigged. This plot point mirrored a real-life occurrence in 1925, when it was alleged that the Miss America pageant had been fixed; apparently it hadn't, since Miss America herself, Fay Lanphier, makes a cameo appearance in American Venus. Of more interest historically is the presence in the supporting cast of cult favorite Louise Brooks, not to mention the Technicolor bathing-beauty scenes."

The 87 minute film, released on January 31, 1926, is notable for several reasons. The winner of the 1925 Miss America contest, Fay Lanphier [1905-1959] appears as--wait for it--Miss Alabama. A surviving trailer viewable on YouTube announces "an eye feast of beautiful women" and "75 Atlantic City bathing beauties" and "a galaxy of glorious girls". The American Venus was a success, playing around the country for two years. All that pulchritude did bother the usual suspects, who tut-tutted about too much visible skin.   

Lanphier never made another movie; her contract with Paramount was cancelled. However, this one aided the careers of two other actresses. Esther Ralston moved into leading lady roles. Louise Brooks appeared in the first credited role of her brief but spectacular career. 

The 1925 Miss America has a couple of firsts to be noted. Lanphier was the first Miss California to win the crown and also the first Miss America to star in a feature film. More on Lanphier can be found here. She married her high school sweetheart, had two daughters, and died in 1959 aged 53. 

So why did the real Miss California and Miss America play Miss Alabama in the film? 

Who knows? The real Miss Alabama in 1925 was Nellie Kincaid, who competed in Atlantic City as Miss Birmingham. In those days many contestants held local and not statewide titles. I have been unable for certain to find information on Miss Kincaid. A quick search at Ancestry.com did turn up in the 1930 U.S. Census a Nellie M. Kincaid. She was living with her parents Elijah and Margaret and younger brother Edward at 144 57th Street South. Her occupation? Actress. She was 21 years old, which would have put her at 16 for the Miss America pageant if she was indeed that Kincaid. 

Lanphier can be seen in the first three photographs below; Kincaid is visible in the final one. 




Poster for the film; source is Wikipedia



Lobby card for the film; source is Wikipedia





Source: Wikipedia






Source: "Surviving Pieces of Lost Silent Films" on YouTube 
[The American Venus trailer is the second item, after a fragment of Cleopatra]



Contestants in the 1925 Miss America pageant. Nellie Kincaid, Miss Birmingham, is the sixth from the right in the upper row. If you follow the link below, you can see a much larger version of this photo. You can also see her in the portion below. 

Source: Wikipedia








Friday, February 18, 2022

Remembering Joe Moudry (1947-2021)

For this post I'm reprinting with his permission a piece Bill Plott wrote about our friend Joe Moudry and which originally appeared as noted below in a mailing of the Southern Fandom Press Alliance. 

I first met Joe in the early 1980's when Dianne and I were in Tuscaloosa working on master's degrees in library science. At that time Joe worked at UA's Gorgas Library where we spent many hours. I ran into Joe again a few times after I began working as a medical librarian at UAB. At some point several years ago I met Bill Plott who told me about the luncheons at Taste of Thailand in Hoover, and I was able to attend some of those. 

I'll let Bill tell the rest of the story. The next time you eat at Taste of Thailand [and if you haven't been, go] think of that small band of friends sharing many meals there amid much talk of science fiction and fantasy matters, among other things.

R.I.P., Joe. 



Joe told daughter Leigh Harwell it was the best birthday he ever had.

And it was a grand occasion for most of us, too. But even with the Stage 4 cancer diagnosis we did not think for a moment that a Sunday afternoon luncheon in Hoover, Ala., at Taste of Thailand restaurant near the end of the September would be the last time we ever saw our friend. The end on Saturday, October 16 was sudden and totally unexpected.

On Friday night, Oct. 15, Leigh said Joe was lucid and conversational with the hospice nurse. Indeed, he handled all of the paperwork himself. She called him when she got home. He put his phone on speaker and she followed him discoursing on removing the bottle cap and taking his pre-bed pain medication. They talked for a while, and then he said he was ready to go to sleep. He had his pillows and cats arranged suitably. They exchanged declarations of love.

After two attempts to reach him on Saturday morning, Leigh quickly loaded daughters

Charlotte and Evelyn in the car and headed fearfully from Trussville to Hoover. At the townhouse, she hustled the girls into the TV room and went to check on Joe. He was on his side appearing to be asleep. And indeed he was, but it was the long sleep.

It was as peaceful a passage as one could have without friends and family present.

Fortunately for Leigh, longtime friend from UAB Mike Oakes, who had been in Oxford, was only about an hour from Birmingham, with his girlfriend. Alarmed by the initial report that Joe was in hospice, Mike and Patrice decided to go to Birmingham on Saturday morning. They were just minutes away when Leigh reached him with news of Joe’s death. A godsend. Patrice entertained Joe’s granddaughters while Mike assisted Leigh with contacting hospice and the funeral home.

She related all of this to me on Saturday afternoon.

***



If it was the best birthday ever, Joe would have been equally pleased at Leigh’s organization of his memorial service: Halloween afternoon.

“He always loved everything spooky,” she said. “I think he would love the idea of having his memorial service on Halloween. It was his favorite holiday.”

Indeed.

The service was at Trinity Episcopal Church in Bessemer, Ala. The minister, Rev. Dr. Ruth LaMonte, had baptized the grandchildren and possibly been pastor to Joe’s mother, Evelyn, who is credited with gifting him with a love of reading. The homily contained lot about Joe that was not commonly known. For example, he was an acolyte as teenager and once considered the priesthood. I learned at the birthday party and again this day that he was a spelunker. He had been a trumpet player in the University of Alabama’s Million Dollar Band under Col. Carlton Butler. Joe had told me some great stories about the band at football games. Like at LSU where Butler told them to lock arms as they left the buses and go straight to their on-ground destination. And at Georgia Tech where drunk frat boys tried to toss empty whisky bottles into the tubas as if they were basketball goals.

After his service in the Peace Corps he was a psychologist at Bryce Hospital for a time, then gravitated to the Amelia Gayle Gorgas Library at UA. He eventually earned a master’s degree in library science and was mentored by the great Glenn House, who developed the book arts program at UA. Like George Inzer, another mutual connection. Glenn and his family were good friends of mine.

I was among those who spoke and recounted how our friendship grew from George Inzer’s funeral. Rev. LaMonte concluded with a reading of T.S. Eliot’s poem, “McCavvity the Mystery Cat.” Joe would have loved that, also.

Leigh, who had done a marvelous job with her brother Ben’s memorial service last spring and Joe’s surprise birthday party, scored again with this one. I’m not sure how she selected Trinity Episcopal Church but it dates to 1887, surviving in a neighborhood that is predominantly black now. It has been five years since they had a pastor. Services are now conducted by rotating priests. Donald Jay Howton, administrator and local newspaper columnist, said a good Sunday turnout these days is about 15 people. “But we won’t close. We will still be here if there are only five of us,” he said.

Perhaps there is something almost fannish in that – a small apa [amateur press association] hanging on in changing world.

***

I can’t believe I only really knew Joe Moudry for eight years. It was like Nancy said, “I feel like we’ve known Joe forever.” She and/or Atticus occasionally joined us for the monthly luncheons. I think Joe enjoyed their company as much as mine, especially Atticus.

I first met Joe around 1975 when he accompanied Meade Frierson to my house in Tuscaloosa to buy my modest collection of science fiction fanzines, books and magazines. The only things I remember in particular were a copy the Arkham House edition of Ray Bradbury’s Dark Carnival, given to me by Al Andrews, and the Stf & Fantasy Song Book collection of filk songs. I did not see Joe again until 2013.

Around 1982 George Inzer joined the faculty at the University of Montevallo. He contacted me and told me he was involved in fandom, which I had been out of for years. We sat around my kitchen table one night looking at photos of fans and authors that I somehow had held onto over the years. It was a pleasant evening and George became a friend, but it did not motivate me to look into returning to fandom.

I left UM in 1990. I think George left sometime about then, also. He went to Tuscaloosa to work on a master’s degree, later moved back to Birmingham near his parents. He died there on July 12, 2013.

I do not recall if it was an email or a phone call, but Joe contacted me, suggesting we share a ride to North Birmingham for George’s funeral service. He and George had been friends in a once thriving Birmingham fan group. So, our connection was more through a mutual friend rather than each other. We met at Taste of Thailand in Hoover on July 18 and a friendship was born. The conversation on that ride to and from the funeral revealed many common interests.

Despite the sadness of the occasion, we quickly developed a rapport that needed to continue.

Thus came our monthly luncheons at Taste of Thailand, Joe’s favorite restaurant. I had returned to fandom the previous summer after attending DeepSouthCon50 in Huntsville, Ala. I had rejoined SFPA shortly after the con. The conversation that brought us together also spurred Joe into returning to SFPA, a move that further strengthened our friendship.

The luncheon sessions were filled with SF and fannish talk. I had been away for so very long. Joe did much to bring me up to date on fannish happenings, not so much on current fiction as he was so focused on his love of Lovecraft, Philip K. Dick, and Weird Tales. Still, he introduced me to Joe Lansdale, Harry Turtledove, C. J. Cherryh, and a few others. He brought me into Fictionmags, an online chat group composed largely of writers, authors and collectors. It has become one of the most rewarding things in my internet experience.

The luncheon sessions soon acquired a traditional ending. Our “dessert” was a trip to 2nd & Charles about a mile away. 2nd & Charles is a used (mostly) media store affiliated with Books-A-Million. It is a warehouse-like building filled with books, comics, DVDs, vinyl, and spin-off merchandise from all things of fannish interest.

I do not remember the first time I took Atticus to 2nd & Charles, but it immediately became his favorite store. It fit perfectly with the occasions he joined the luncheon. He and Joe were simpatico immediately. They would sometimes have detailed discussions on esoteric aspects of Harry Potter while I ate my basil chicken and sipped a beer. Joe loved hanging out with Atticus. And he and Nancy could have some conversations about jazz and music where I was also an outsider. No matter.

Through the luncheons I came to know several of Joe’s former colleagues at the University of Alabama-Birmingham. Most notably was Mike Oakes, whose cosplay effort earned him the nickname of “the Klingon.” They were longtime friends and Mike has been like an uncle to Leigh. He helped her move and provided needed friendship on other occasions such as the sad event above. I also met Clay Boyce, another UAB staffer, who is very active in community theater. He and Atticus got to talk plays a time or two. And A.J. Wright, another retired UAB librarian whose “Alabama Yesterdays” blog contains tons of fascinating information of Alabama history, pulp writers and other pop culture goodies.

In addition to 2nd & Chares, the luncheons usually featured a private media exchange. I gave Joe copies of Alter-Ego and Comics Revue that I had finished reading. He brought books sometimes and DVDs almost every time. Joe was convinced that Blue-Ray was of such a superior quality that he was always upgrading his film collection and passing ordinary DVDs on to me or Mike. We were grateful and not nearly as discriminating.

Some of those disks proved timely this year. Among them a copy of Nosferatu.

Joe’s generosity with DVDs affected Atticus just as much as they did me. In the late fall of last year, an episode of Gravity Falls contained a reference to Nosferatu. Atticus said he wanted to watch the disk that Joe had given us. Then, he paused and said he wanted to wait until Halloween. He did not forget. On the first of October, as we were digging out the Halloween decorations, he proclaimed October to be Spooky Month and it would begin with Nosferatu.

It was followed by all of the classic 1930s black and white horror films. We watched Frankenstein, The Wolfman, Dracula and The Invisible Man. At Atticus’s urging I ordered Son of Frankenstein because he said we needed that for the “canon.” Joe was in our thoughts with film.

For the record, Atticus did not find Nosferatu as scary as he anticipated. I found the creature quite chilling myself. When I told Joe what was going on, he was delighted, not only for Spooky Month itself but also because he provided most of the disks that would be viewed.

That was part of my last conversation with Joe. It came on October 7. He seemed at peace and mentioned several things about the disposal of his collection, some of which might involve my assistance. Of course, I told him he need do nothing more than ask. As with my friend Chuck Bethea two years ago, the final conversation was fun and enjoyable, like old times, like nothing was going to change. What more could we want?

Damn COVID-19 for stealing a year and a half of those wonderful monthly get-togethers. Mike Oakes has suggested that we continue to have them, and I’m all for it. We can toast Joe, talk science fiction movies, and go to 2nd & Charles if work schedules for Mike and others permit.

But alas, it will not fill that void left by Joe’s passing. I will so miss not being able to get him on the phone after I’ve read a book or watched a movie with Atticus, things Joe always enjoyed discussing.

R.I.P., my friend.





Remembering Joe Moudry, a publication for the 344th Mailing of the Southern Fandom Press Alliance. Produced by Bill Plott, 190 Crestview Circle, Montevallo, AL 355115, wjplott@aol.com,. 205-908-8703. Banshee Press Publication No. 100.

Friday, February 11, 2022

Sarah Bernhardt Visits Mobile, Alabama in 1881







Alabama has had numerous famous visitors over the years. Aaron Burr was arrested for treason in Wakefield and confined briefly to Fort Stoddart in what was then the Mississippi Territory, but both places became part of the Alabama Territory in 1817. Since then the Marquis de Lafayette, Francis Scott Key, Harriet Martineau, Oscar Wilde, John Phillip Sousa, various U.S. presidents and many others have passed through for one reason or another. One who came briefly was Sarah Bernhardt [1844-1923].

The French actress has often been declared the first modern celebrity, the first international stage star, and so forth. The accolades during her lifetime were--almost--universal. In addition to her prolific acting career, she owned a string of theaters in her native France and in her spare time painted, sculpted and wrote. She had to have a leg amputated in 1915 but continued acting on stage and in films until just weeks before her death. 

Wikipedia notes some of the reactions to her talents. "Sarah Bernhardt's performances were seen and appraised by many of the leading literary and cultural figures of the late 19th century. Mark Twain wrote, 'There are five kinds of actresses. Bad actresses, fair actresses, good actresses, great actresses, and then there is Sarah Bernhardt.' Oscar Wilde called her 'the Incomparable One', scattered lilies in her path, and wrote a play in French, Salomé, especially for her; it was banned by British censors before it could be performed.[180] " 

George Bernard Shaw and Anton Chekhov were not impressed, however, as her acting style so full of artificiality and ego did not fit the growing naturalism of all the arts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. No matter. When she died, 30,000 people followed her casket from the church to the cemetery.

Bernhardt studied acting at the Paris Conservatory under two French actors from 1860 until 1862. By 1880 she had triumphed in different roles at various Parisian theaters, led the Comédie Française on a successful tour of London, and demonstrated her famous temper and talent for scandal numerous times. In that year she led her troupe on its first American tour, riding a special train for 157 performances in 51 cities. By the last performance in May 1881, Bernhardt had earned $194,000, which she carried back to France as a chest of gold coins. The wise Bernhardt insisted on such payment.

Between acting stints in France, other elaborate tours followed over the next twelve years, taking her to the nations of Europe, South America, and also to Russia. Prominent playwrights wrote for her, many of her leading men and others were among her lovers. Bernhardt lived an elaborate lifestyle; her tours were often undertaken when she needed funds. Her son Maurice was born out of wedlock; she had one  marriage early in life that lasted a few years. Bernhardt  eventually established her own theaters in Paris, and had a series of farewell tours from 1901 through 1914, including three in the United States. 

During all these years in Paris and on the road Bernhardt performed in many different roles. In her first one in 1862, she appeared as Iphigenia in the play of that name by Racine, one of France's greatest 17th century playwrights. In 1922 she performed her final role as the title character in Louis Vernouil's Regine Armond. Between those appearances she played an enormous number of characters ranging from Shakespeare's Lady MacBeth, Ophelia AND Hamlet [in different productions] to Cleopatra in the premier of Victorien Sardou's play to Werther in Goethe's play of that title. Of course, many of her roles were in classics or newly written plays by French authors. 

On her first American tour in 1880-81, Bernhardt's visit to Mobile came after performances in New Orleans in early February, 1881. The trip into the Big Easy was a nail-bitter. Bernhardt's train had to cross a bridge in danger of collapse or backtrack and arrive a day later. Bernhardt paid the engineer $2500 to cross the bridge; he telegraphed the money to his wife and promised to return it if he survived. Needless to say, everyone survived, and Bernhardt let him keep the money.

Due to various factors, the scheduled performance in Mobile began but was never completed. You can read the full account below in a chapter from her memoirs. She had traveled through Mobile on her way to New Orleans and tried to sleep in her train car when it stopped. Adoring fans kept her awake, and she doused some and a few reporters as well with a jug of water. 

She wrote that on her return to the city,

"It was therefore in this warlike atmosphere that I appeared before the public of Mobile. I wanted, however, to justify the good opinion of my defenders and confound my detractors. Yes, but the Gnome who had decided otherwise was there."

"Mobile was a city that was generally quite disdained by impresarii. There was only one theater. It had been let to the tragedian Barrett, who was to appear six days after me. All that remained was a miserable place, so small that I know of nothing that can be compared to it. We were playing “La Dame aux Camélias.” When Marguerite Gautier orders supper to be served, the servants who were to bring in the table 
ready laid tried to get it in through the door. But this was impossible. Nothing could be more comical than to see those unfortunate servants adopt every expedient."

The chaos that resulted only increased when part of the cheap scenery fell on the actors. The performance ended, and Bernhardt refunded the audience's money. "La Dame aux Camélias" or the "Lady of the Camelias" was based on the 1848 novel and subsequent play written by Alexander Dumas. They have been adapted numerous times in various media, including the 1936 film Camille with Greta Garbo. 

Biographies of Bernhardt are numerous; the one shown was published in 1991. Her memoirs are also available in printed form; an electronic version is linked below. 












Sarah Bernhardt ca. 1880

Source: Library of Congress via the Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women



Credit...Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Cambridge, Mass.






Bernhardt as Hamlet in London ca. 1890

Source: Library of Congress via the Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women




This 1891 production of Cleopatra, a melodrama by Sardou and Moreau, allowed Bernhardt to wear some elaborate costumes and featured a prominent death scene. 

Source: Wikipedia




In 1896

Source: Library of Congress via the Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women




Bernhardt in Gismonda from a painting by Theobald Chartran 

Source: Her autobiography, Memories of My Life published in 1907







I have been unable to locate any information on the Mobile Theatre. You can see a photo of Temperance Hall here. That building was demolished in 1923. 








CHAPTER XXIX
FROM THE GULF TO CANADA AGAIN

e arrived at Cincinnati safe and sound. We gave three performances there and set off once more for New Orleans. Now, I thought, we shall have some sunshine and we shall be able to warm our poor limbs, stiffened with three months of mortal cold. We shall be able to open our windows, and breathe fresh air instead of the suffocating and anæmia-giving steam heat. I fell asleep and dreams of warmth and sweet scents lulled me in my slumber. A knock at my door roused me suddenly, and my dog with ears erect sniffed at the door, but as he did not growl I knew it was some one of our party. I opened the door and Jarrett, followed by Abbey, made signs to me not to speak. Jarrett came in on tiptoes and closed the door again.

“Well, what is it now?” I asked.

“Why,” replied Jarrett, “the incessant rain during the last twelve days has swollen the river to such a height that the bridge across the bay of St. Louis threatens to give way. If we go back we shall require three or four days.”

I was furious. Three or four days and to go back to the snow again. Ah, no, I felt I must have sunshine!

“Why can we not pass? Oh, heavens, what shall we do!” I exclaimed.

“Well, the engine driver is here. He thinks that he might get across, but he has only just married, and he will try the crossing on condition that you give him $2,500, which he will at once send to Mobile where his father and wife live. If we 429get safely to the other side he will give you back this money, but if not it will belong to his family.”

“Yes, certainly, give him the money and let us cross.”

As I have said, I generally traveled by special train. This one was made up of only three carriages and the engine. I never doubted for a moment as to the success of this foolish and criminal attempt, and I did not tell anyone about it except my sister, my beloved Guérard, and my faithful Félicie and her husband Claude. The comedian, Angelo, who was sleeping in Jarrett’s berth on this journey, knew of it, but he was courageous and had faith in his star. The money was handed over to the engine driver who sent it off to Mobile. It was only just as we were actually starting that I had the vision of the responsibility I had taken upon myself, for it was risking without their consent the lives of twenty-seven persons. It was too late then to do anything, the train had started and at a terrific speed it touched the bridge. I had taken my seat on the platform and the bridge bent and swayed like a hammock under the dizzy speed of our wild course. When we were half way across it gave way so much that my sister grasped my arm and whispered: “Ah, we are drowning!” I certainly thought as she did that the supreme moment had arrived.

My last minute was not inscribed, though, for that day in the Book of Destiny. The train pulled itself together and we arrived on the other side of the water. Behind us we heard a terrible noise. The bridge had given way. For more than a week the trains from the East and the North could not enter the city.

I left the money to our brave engine driver but my conscience was by no means tranquil and for a long time my sleep was disturbed by the most frightful nightmares.

When getting out of the train I was more dead than alive. I had to submit to receiving the friendly but fatiguing deputation of my compatriots. Then, loaded with flowers, I climbed into the carriage that was to take me to the hotel. The roads were rivers and we were on an elevated spot. The lower part 430of the city, the coachman explained to us in Marseilles French, was inundated up to the tops of the houses. The negroes had been drowned by hundreds. “Ah, hussy!” he cried as he whipped up his horses. At that period the hotels in New Orleans were squalid—dirty, uncomfortable, black with cockroaches, and as soon as the candles were lighted, the bedrooms became filled with large mosquitoes that buzzed around and fell on one’s shoulders, sticking in one’s hair. Oh, I shudder still when I think of it!

At the same time there was an opera company in the city, the “star” of which was a charming woman, Emilie Ambre, who at one time came very near being Queen of Holland. The country was poor, like all the other American districts where the French were to be found preponderating. Ah, we are hardly good colonists!

The opera did a very poor business and we did not do excellently, either. Six performances would have been ample in that city; we gave eight.

Nevertheless, my sojourn pleased me immensely. An infinite charm was evolved from it. All these people, so different, black and white, had smiling faces. All the women were graceful. The shops were attractive from the cheerfulness of their windows. The open-air traders under the arcades challenged one another with joyful flashes of wit. The sun, however, did not show itself once. But these people had the sun within themselves.

I could not understand why boats were not used. The horses had water up to their hams, and it would have been impossible even to get into a carriage if the pavements had not been a meter or more high.

Floods being as frequent as the years, it would be of no use thinking of banking up the river or arm of the sea. But walking was made easy by the high pavements and small, movable bridges. The dark children amused themselves catching crayfish in the streams. Where did they come from? And they sold them to passersby. Now and again, we would see a whole family of water serpents speed by. They swept along 431with raised head and undulating body like long, starry sapphires.

I went down toward the lower part of the town. The sight was heartrending. All the cabins of the colored inhabitants had fallen into the muddy waters. They were there in hundreds squatting upon these moving wrecks, with eyes burning from fever, their white teeth chattering. Right and left, everywhere, were dead bodies floating about, knocking up against the wooden piles. Many ladies were distributing food, endeavoring to lead away the unfortunate negroes, but they refused to go. And the women would slowly shake their heads. One child of fourteen years of age had just been carried off to the hospital with his foot cut clean off at the ankle by an alligator. His family were howling with fury. They wished to keep the youngster with them. The negro quack doctor pretended that he could have cured him in two days and that the white quacks would leave him for a month in bed.

I left this city with regret, for it resembled no other city I had visited up to then. We were surprised to find that none of our party was missing though we had gone through—so they all said—various dangers. The hairdresser alone, a man called Ibé, could not recover his equilibrium, having become half mad from fear the second day of our arrival. At the theater he generally slept in the trunk in which he stored his wigs. However strange it may seem, the fact is quite true. The first night, everything passed off as usual, but during the second night he woke up the whole neighborhood by his shrieks. The unfortunate fellow had got off soundly to sleep, when he woke up with a feeling that his mattress, which hung over his collection of wigs, was being raised up by some inconceivable movements. He thought that some cat or dog had got into the trunk and he lifted up the feeble rampart. Two serpents were within, actively moving about, of a size sufficient to terrify the people that the shouts of the poor Figaro had caused to gather round.

He was still very pale when I saw him embark on board the boat that was to take us to our train. I called him and begged 432him to relate to me the odyssey of his terrible night. As he told me the story he showed me his heavy leg. “They were as thick as that, madame. Yes, like that....” And he quaked with fear as he recalled the dreadful girth of the reptiles. I thought that they were about one-quarter as thick as his leg, and that would have been enough to justify his fright, but the serpents in question were inoffensive water snakes that bite out of pure viciousness, but have no venom fangs.

We reached Mobile somewhat late in the day. We had stopped at that city on our way to New Orleans, and I had had a real attack of nerves caused by the “cheek” of the inhabitants who, in spite of the lateness of the hour, had got up a deputation to wait upon me. I was dead with fatigue and was dropping off to sleep in my bed on the car. I therefore energetically declined to see anybody. But these people knocked at my windows, sang about my carriage, and finally exasperated me. I quickly threw up one of the windows and emptied a jug of water on their heads. Women and men, among whom were several journalists, were splashed. Their fury was great.

I was returning to that city, preceded by the above story embellished in their favor by the drenched reporters. But on the other hand there were others who had been more courteous and had refused to go and disturb a lady at such an unearthly hour of the night. These latter were in the majority and took up my defense.

It was therefore in this warlike atmosphere that I appeared before the public of Mobile. I wanted, however, to justify the good opinion of my defenders and confound my detractors. Yes, but the Gnome who had decided otherwise was there.

Mobile was a city that was generally quite disdained by impresarii. There was only one theater. It had been let to the tragedian Barrett, who was to appear six days after me. All that remained was a miserable place, so small that I know of nothing that can be compared to it. We were playing “La Dame aux Camélias.” When Marguerite Gautier orders supper to be served, the servants who were to bring in the table 433ready laid tried to get it in through the door. But this was impossible. Nothing could be more comical than to see those unfortunate servants adopt every expedient.

The public laughed. Among the laughter of the spectators was one that became contagious. A negro of twelve or fifteen who had got in somehow was standing on a chair, and with his two hands holding on to his knees, his body bent, head forward, mouth open, he was laughing with such a shrill and piercing tone, and with such even continuity, that I caught it, too. I had to go out while a portion of the back scenery was being removed to allow the table to be brought in.

I returned somewhat composed, but still under the domination of suppressed laughter. We were sitting round the table and the supper was drawing to a close as usual. But just as the servants were entering to remove the table, one of them caught the scenery that had been badly adjusted by the scene shifters in their haste, and the whole back scene fell on our heads. As the scenery was nearly all made of paper in those days, it did not fall on our heads and remain there, but round our necks, and we had to remain in that position without being able to move. Our heads having gone through the paper, our appearance was most comical and ridiculous. The young negro’s laughter started again more piercing than ever, and this time my suppressed laughter ended in a crisis that left me without any strength.

The money paid for admission was returned to the public. It exceeded 15,000 francs.

This city had a fatality for me and came very near proving so during the third visit I paid to it.

That very night we left Mobile for Atlanta, where, after playing “La Dame aux Camélias,” we left again the same evening for Nashville.

We stayed for an entire day at Memphis and gave two performances. At one in the morning we left for Louisville.