Dad in the U.S. Navy 1946-1948

My father Amos J. Wright, Jr. [August 26, 1926-July 31, 2003] spent just under two years in the U.S. Navy soon after the end of World War II. His tour sent him to the south Pacific on a small cargo vessel that sailed among a number of tiny  islands bringing provisions to U.S. personnel still on duty there. 

In this post I let dad tell the story of that period via some journal entries he wrote years later and photos from the time. I've done some other posts about him on this blog. One shared photographs from his time at Auburn which was divided by his Navy years. He graduated in 1950. In another I looked at his work as a very active and longtime member of the Alabama Archaeological Society. Those efforts led to the publication of several articles and two books related to Native Americans in the state.

You can see other navy photographs of dad, a group portrait of his basic 
engineering class at the Great Lakes Naval Station and a listing of the first crew 
of the USS Errol in my blog post "Dad and the USS Errol". There are a number of photographs in dad's Navy 
scrapbook I haven't used here; I'll probably do another post on the topic in the
future.

This material is taken from a handwritten journal he wrote from October
1993 until January 1999 about events in his life. I have corrected small matters
such as misspellings, missing punctuation and apparently missing words. I have 
also added some paragraph breaks and a footnote. The photos below the text are
from the scrapbook dad put together; most have information on
the back that I have included.


24 March 1997

I enlisted in the regular navy in July 1946 and was sent to Bainbridge, Maryland for boot camp. I was there for 12 weeks with no leave. Since I had one year of ROTC at Auburn they made me a company commander which afforded me a few perks.

When I finished boot camp I was given a 10 day leave in late October and went home. I went to Auburn and spent a couple of days there. I returned (all by train) to Bainbridge where they shipped me out to fireman's school at Great Lakes, Illinois. I was there all winter. We (our squad of 6) would fall out before daybreak and march a mile in the snow to chow. We had leave, and I went to Chicago and Milwaukee every week-end. 

I met a girl at a skating rink and dated her the remaining time I was there. I graduated in March 1947 and was sent (by train) to San Diego. I was given a 10 day leave en route which was through Gadsden to New Orleans on to San Diego. I spent 30 days there (never knew what for) and went over to Tijuana on weekends. About 1 May they sent me to San Francisco where I stayed on Treasure Island in the bay for about 30 days before they loaded us on one of the troop ships (a former Presidents line) where we went to Hawaii and stayed there several days with shore leave. 

Then we went to Wake Island and on to Guam taking about 2 weeks. At Guam I was assigned to the USS Errol AG 133. It was a small (175') cargo ship that was brought in from the Philippines for refurbishing. We spent about two months getting her sea worthy. About 1 July 1947 to 1 July 1948 we took 3 week trips to Saipan, Tinian, Truk, Ponape, Ulithi and other islands carrying frozen cargo to navy personnel on these islands. We had large walk-in reefers (freezers) in the hold which had to be checked every hour. This was my job when I was on watch which we stood 4 hours on and 4 hours off when under way. 

We also carried natives and their goods between the islands as they had no other transportation. Sometimes the deck would be covered with men, women and children where they ate and slept. One trip we carried the coffin of a high ranking princess, and when I went down in the hold to check the reefers I had to walk right by her casket which was made out of wicker kind of like a large basket. It smelled like a fir tree. The ship would moan and groan and I was scared out of my wits every time I had to go down there.

The reefers would have frozen strawberries and other goodies destined for officers' clubs, and we would carefully open one end of a carton and pilfer a few packages sealing up the carton where no one would notice. We had to serve a month as mess cook (assisting the cook in cooking, preparation and cleaning up).

We only had a crew of 13 , a Lt. (captain), a warrant officer (second in command), 3 chiefs and 8 white hats. We were authorized to hire natives to travel with us. We had about 6 who lived on the deck but ate with us. They were good workers. One of them I became good friends with--Ackuous. He was from Truk and was the one who got  me the Japanese 25 cal. rifle that I sent home. I wrapped it in asbestos tape with the bolt on the stock. I went to the navy P.O. and mailed it home. Mother told me when she picked it up at the P.O. in Gadsden they told her I could not ship a gun in the mail like that--it was against regulations. It's a miracle it even got there travelling 10,000 miles.

20 April 1997

In early 1948 we sailed from Guam on one of our supply trips to Ponape [1] in the Caroline Islands. We anchored in the bay there and were not allowed to go ashore. These were about three week trips. We anchored in sight of Ponape and a smaller island nearby. We could see a small dock on the smaller island and watched as small boats went over each day from Ponape carrying supplies to a leper colony on the island. The supplies would be unloaded on the end of the dock, and the boat left. Then the lepers would come out on the dock and get the supplies. We were so far away we could only tell that it was people.

We would go swimming here off the ship. Someone had to stand guard on the bridge of the ship with a carbine to ward off any sharks but we never had any trouble. 

On our return trip one night I was asleep and was suddenly jolted from my bunk. I knew we had collided with something. I ran up the ladder and came out of a hatch to the deck. I was still holding the sides of the hatch when a great gust of water swept down the deck. Alarms were going off and flood lights on. 

I ran forward on the deck and saw we had run aground on a reef. They reversed the engines and tried to back off but to no avail. Our radio operator sent out an SOS and the first station to reply was Hawaii--thousands of miles away. We had to wait 2 or 3 days for a seagoing tug to come from Guam. He hooked on and pulled us off. We had ballast space under the ship and the second hull was not crushed. The tug escorted us back to Guam.

Our Captain who was an old navy man about ready for retirement was court martialed and relieved of command of any ship. We white hats never knew what really happened, but we heard that the log showed a disagreement between the Captain and first officer on what the course should be.

We went into dry dock [at Guam] and remained there about four months while the ship was repaired. During this time the ship was given a complete overhaul--engines rebuilt, hull scrapped and painted, etc. While we were there we were hit by a typhoon. All ships went to sea to ride her out but of course we stayed in the dry dock it being so large that we had no problem. After the typhoon passed the coconut trees looked like telephone poles--being stripped of all foliage.

Just a few weeks after we got out of dry dock I was shipped back to San Francisco at Treasure Island for discharge. I was there for about 2 weeks being processed. We weren't required to work and had liberty on the weekend. One Saturday morning I was in line checking out to go on leave, and a Chief Petty officer came up and collected all our passes. They put us on a bus and took us to San Francisco where we had to march in a St. Patrick's Day parade up Market Street. It was after noon before we got our passes back. 


******
1. Panope is now known as Pohnpei. Another former name was Ascension Island. Panope was under Japanese control during World War II; about 2000 troops were stationed there. The island was shelled several times by American battleships including the USS Alabama. The Wikipedia article on Pohnpei notes,
"On April 1, 1865, the CSS Shenandoah surprised four United States whalers at Ascension Island (Pohnpei) and destroyed them all. The local king, Nananierikie, was delighted to receive much of the spoils from this action.^[19]"

******************

Dad's description of his Navy time ends here. In one of the small notebooks
where she kept diary-like entries, household expenses and such, Rosa Mae
Wright also wrote about her son's navy experiences and gave a few more details.


"A.J. Wright enlisted in the U.S. Navy July 20, 1946 at Birmingham Ala. Left for
Bainbridge Md. Stayed there 3 months then was sent to Great Lakes training
school in Illinois. Had to report in San Diego Calif on March 1, 1947 then sailed
on the U.S.S. Gen. Anderson for Guam on March 20. Arrived in Pearl Harbor
March 25. Left Pearl Harbor March 28 for Wake Island. Arrived there April 2.
Then on to Guam April 7 has been assigned to the U.S.S. Errol. Left
Guam July 26, 47 for Saipan [sp] and Rota Islands Returned to Guam July
31, 1947. Entered 103 Hospital on Guam M.i. on August 5, 1947. Got home
July 10th, 1948, Met him in Bham at 8:15 o'clock pm."

Dad doesn't mentioned a hospital stay, so I'm not sure what my grandmother
means by that reference. Dad had a lifelong aversion to hospitals and illness,, so maybe he didn't want to remember the details.

^{Below are photos and further comments.}

On leave in Gadsden

In Washington, D.C.

Dad wrote on the back of this one, "Long 'n' short of it. Turkey Day 11/28/46". This photo would have been taken during his training at Great Lakes. The other man is unidentified.

Fox Lake, Wisconsin

I presume this young lady is the "girl" he met at a skating rink and dated while he was at Great Lakes

At sea in the South Pacific in October 1947. This photo is the only evidence we have that dad ever wore a beard.

Another shot at Fox Lake

In dry dock at Guam

Dad and his friend Ackuous

USS Errol 

Lau Yee Chai was one of the most notable restaurants in Honolulu before, during and for some years after World War II. You can read about it and see photos here. Dad is on the left in the photo below; I presume they are waiting to enjoy some food.

USS Errol in Saipan December 1947

The deck of the USS Errol in Guam February 1948

The crew on Truk Island 1947

The Captain on Truk Christmas Eve 1947. This would have been the first captain Lieutenant Russell Quartus June, who served until September 14, 1948.

A beer party on Guam May 1948

Engine room November 1947

Control stacks November 1947

The USS Errol at Koror October 1947

Dad's Notice of Separation

^{Dad's Honorable Discharge}

My Dad's "Health Studies" Book in High School

I was in Huntsville recently visiting mom and went through family memorabilia that included some old school and college textbooks belonging to my father, Amos J. Wright, Jr. I found this one published in 1932 among them and decided to take a closer look. Why? Who knows...one of my major interests is medical history, so there's that and a family connection....

First I did a bit of research on the authors. Interesting people turn up everywhere, don't they? F.M. Gregg wrote a number of books on health, hygiene, alcohol, tobacco and other topics, including "Practical Facts about Marihuana" published in 1939. In 1929 he published a study with two co-authors that attempted to determine if dogs, cats and raccoons are color blind. I have been unable so far to find anything else about him. 

Hugh Grant Rowell [1892-1963] also published books and articles on various health topics. In addition, Rowell collected circus ephemera and his collection was donated to the Somers Historical Society in New York State. He and his wife also collected antique clocks; those were donated to Dartmouth College from which he graduated in 1915. He received an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1917. He was on the faculty at Columbia from 1923 until his retirement in 1943.

The book is more than 560 pages of text and an index. Topics range from bone and joint function, the skin, digestion, respiration and blood circulation to human behavior. One interesting chapter is "What Are the Effects of Narcotics and Drugs?" which probably reflects Gregg's influence.  Chapters also cover community waste disposal and the purity of water, ice and air. 

World Book Company was founded in Manila in 1905 and published English materials for schools in the Philippines. The firm eventually moved to New York City and in addition to book publishing became a vendor for such tests as the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT).  For ten years, from 1960 until 1970, the company was part of Harcourt, Brace and World educational publishers. In 1970 that business became known as Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich and the World name disappeared. The company is not related to World Book, Inc., which publishes a famous encyclopedia.

The final image here is the inside of the front cover. Dad's signature is there, along with a stamp of a business that offered such products as Zenith Radios and Westinghouse Refrigerators. I assume Ray Radio and Appliance Company, Inc., was located in Gadsden, although I've found nothing about it so far. Did they provide these texts to students?

Now that I've looked closer at this book, I'm not sure if dad used it at Etowah High School or in junior high. Perhaps further research in family memorabilia will turn up a report card to answer that question!

A revised edition of the book was issued in 1940. The WorldCat description labels it "juvenile literature."

Dad and Alabama Archaeology

During the early years that my brother Richard and I were growing up in Huntsville, dad [Amos J. Wright, Jr.] worked on two hobbies as time permitted--coin and stamp collecting. Richard collects both to this day. We had a lot of fun with those activities as kids, and learned a bit of history and geography in the process. One fond childhood memory is that bag of coins dad would bring home from the bank on many Fridays. We spent lots of time looking for "Indian" head pennies, buffalo nickels and other goodies. 

In the early 1960's dad became involved in another "hobby" that soon developed into something more. He joined the Alabama Archaeological Society in 1962, just eight years after the organization was founded. This group of mostly "amateurs" and a few professional archaeologists met regularly and published both a newsletter and a scholarly journal. 

Richard, mom and I were soon going along with dad on wintertime Saturday trips to cotton, corn and other fields all over north Alabama and into southern Tennessee looking for artifacts. After getting the owner's permission, the four of us would fan out--often on cold days and tromping through mud--and pick up everything: projectile points, pieces of points, pottery shards, anything that looked like the hand of man had worked it.

We brought home lots of material and now and then some interesting stories unrelated to archaeology. One I remember is the time mom was walking along a corn row for some distance and sensed an animal in the row beside her heading in the same direction. She didn't really pay much attention, thinking it was probably a friendly dog, until she reached the end of the corn row and realized the creature was a skunk!

There was a routine for dealing with the artifacts we carried home. We washed them, of course, and once dry dad would go to work. He labelled each piece we found--large, small or tiny--with three pieces of information: the site code where we found the item as established by the state archaeological society, the month and year, and the initials of the finder. Then he varnished over the info so it wouldn't flake off. Thus we could look at a piece and determine that mom found it in January 1968 at a particular site in Morgan County. The site location code and the fact we picked up everything made all this material more useful to future researchers now that much of it has been donated to the Office of Archaeological Research at Moundville. 

By the time dad died in July 2003, he had made numerous contributions to Alabama archaeology. He served the AAS as  President, Vice-President, Program Chair, and as long-time member of the Board of Trustees. He edited the group's Stones and Bones newsletter from 1977 until 1991 and worked as associate editor before that. The group gave him an Honorary Life membership in 1992. 

His numerous other awards related to state archaeology are noted in one of the memorial articles below. Gov. George Wallace appointed him to the Alabama DeSoto Commission in 1985. That group was charged with making a new attempt to determine the Spanish explorer's route through Alabama.  He also published several scholarly articles related to archaeology in the state, as noted below.


Comments are below some of the images.

Dad's knowledge of computers via his job with the U.S. Army's Ordinance Missle Command at Redstone Arsenal resulted in one of the early articles published on programming applications to projectile point classification. See below for more information on that article. He made several framed cases of arrowheads like the one shown to use when he gave talks at schools and elsewhere. We still have them in the family. It's a nice juxtaposition with that 1968 mainframe computer terminal!

Dad published two books; this one appeared from the University of Alabama Press not long before his death. He spent many years researching it in numerous libraries and archives around the Southeast. 

Dad's first book was published in 2000 and was also the fruit of many research trips. 

These special remembrances of dad were written by his long-time friend Jim Lee and another friend and AAS colleague Bart  Henson and published in the September/October 2003 issue of the Stones and Bones. Mr. Henson tells the story of the Great Winston County Aboriginal Sandstone Quarry Hunt led by my maternal grandfather, the Rev. John M. Shores. I remember that day well; granddaddy thought he could take us right to the location of the rocks with the strange markings. We spent a long time that day wandering around while he tried to recall landmarks near that spot. Dad and Mr. Henson later published an article on the topic; see below. 

Journal covers, first pages and some illustrations from a selection of dad's articles are below. He had mom as a co-author on one of them; she found the artifact!

ADDITIONAL ARTICLES

Wright, Amos J. and Roger Yates. A Ceremonial Pipe. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 15(2): 59062, December 1969

Wright, Amos J. Upper Alabama River Historic Indian Towns and their Inhabitants. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 24(2): 102-117, December 1978

Various book reviews and other items in the Stones and Bones newsletter