Odetta and "The Hanging of Aaron Gibbs"

I've written on this blog about singer and Birmingham native Odetta Holmes [1930-2008], who became known by her first name only. You can read about her life and long career in that post. As Odetta she toured the world singing blues, jazz, spirituals and folk songs and was a prominent figure in the American civil rights movement of the 1960's. She was also the first performer to record an entire album of Bob Dylan covers.

In addition to the music career, Odetta acted in a few films and tv shows. Her films included the 1961 Sanctuary based on the William Faulkner novel and the 1974 television film The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman based on the Ernest J. Gaines novel. Recently I happened to watch her appearance on an episode of the western tv series, Have Gun Will Travel first broadcast on the CBS network on November 4, 1961.  

That show was one of a number of successful "adult westerns" that filled U.S. TV screens in the 1950's and 1960's. Starring Richard Boone as Paladin, a gun for hire based in San Francisco, the program ran for 225 episodes from November  1957 until April 1963. I came across a couple of commentators on this episode who declared it to be one of the series' best, and I agree.

As "The Hanging of Aaron Gibbs" opens, Paladin is headed home across the lonely prairie when he encounters Sarah Gibbs [Odetta] singing to her dying horse. She tells him she is headed to a mine, where her husband Aaron is about to be hanged for his supposed involvement in the death of another worker. Sarah is afraid she won't be able to talk with her husband, and Paladin--being a renowned knight of the west as he is--goes to the mine with her. She just wants to see Aaron one last time and collect his body for their son to bury. 

They encounter a crowd as hostile to them as it is to Sarah's husband. I won't tell you how the episode ends; I urge you to seek it out for yourself. I will say that Paladin works his usual negotiating magic in a very quiet, understated story that features a wonderful performance from Odetta. 

So how did the singer end up in this role? A commentator at the IMDB  "roycevenuter" covered that [although he cited no source]: 

"Peggy Rea, who played many roles over the years in this series, was also one of many acting students of Richard Boone in his Brentwood Market School for Actors. It was she who knew someone who knew Odetta, reached her in Boston, whereupon, Odetta contacted the production company and requested the part. The crew was filming in Bend, Oregon; and, prior to the hiring of Odetta, there had been considerable tension in the community until Odetta arrived; then, everyone calmed down and became quite focused."

Peggy Rea is also in this episode. Another minor cast member is Hal Needham, who began his long Hollywood career as Boone's stunt double on this series. Needham worked as an actor, stunt man and director well into the 1990's. Among his best known films as director are several with Burt Reynolds, including Smokey and the Bandit. Sarah's husband Aaron is played by Rupert Crosse, who in 1969 became the first African-American nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for The Reivers. 

The episode's script was written by Robert E. Thompson. He wrote 19 episodes for the show, but that was only a fraction of his output in Hollywood. He wrote numerous other scripts for shows such as Wagon Train, Bonanza, and Mission: Impossible as well as made-for-TV films. He also wrote the script for a theatrical film, They Shoot Horses, Don't They? that won him an Academy Award nomination. Great film, by the way. 

Odetta performing at the Birmingham Municipal Auditorium
October 1965 

Odetta Sang the Blues...and Folk...and....

        Among the black women who left their birthplace in Birmingham early in life and achieved fame elsewhere are such well-known figures as Condoleezza Rice and Angela Davis and poets Sonia Sanchez and Margaret Walker. Another woman in that category was the flamboyant and mesmerizing singer Odetta.

Odetta in 1961
[Source: Wikipedia]

        Odetta Holmes was born in the city on December 31, 1930. Her father Reuben Holmes died when she was still a young girl, and her stepfather Zadock Felious developed respiratory problems and eventually tuberculosis. Her mother Flora Sanders moved the family to the drier climate in Los Angeles in 1937. Three years later a teacher told Flora her daughter had a singing voice worth training. Odetta graduated from Los Angeles City College where she studied concert and theater music traditions. She knew that as a black woman her possibilities in those fields were limited and realized her music degree studies were “a nice exercise, but it had nothing to do with my life.” (Weiner, 2008)

By 1950 she had spent four years in the Hollywood Turnabout Puppet Theatre and toured the West Coast in a production of Finian’s Rainbow. On that tour she discovered coffee houses and the burgeoning folk music scene in San Francisco and began appearing with just her guitar and remarkable voice with its range of soprano to baritone. Soon she was on the road in the United States and around the world, a pattern that ended only when final illnesses prevented such activity.

In the mid-1950s she toured with Lawrence B. Mohr; he later became a political science professor at the University of Michigan. They released one album, Odetta and Larry, in 1954. Two years later she released her first solo album, Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues. Over her career she released 18 studio and seven live albums and a dozen compilations. The 1965 release Odetta Sings Dylan was the first major album of all-Dylan material by another performer. At the time the two shared a manager, Albert Grossman, a co-founder of the Newport Folk Festival and also manager of the group Peter, Paul and Mary. (Uhl, 2010) In a 1978 interview Dylan noted that her first solo album had exposed him to folk music and that he had learned all the songs. (Weiner, 2008)

Odetta found much of her material during visits to the Archive of Folk-Song at the Library of Congress, where she listened to the rich collections of work songs, blues, spirituals and white Appalachian and English folksongs. She performed at the 1963 March on Washington, where she sang a song that dated back to the slavery era, “O Freedom.”  This appearance solidified her role as an important performer in the struggles of the civil rights era. She was nominated for Grammy Awards in 1963, 1999 and 2005 but never won.

Late in life she received recognition for her artistry. President Clinton awarded her the National Medal of the Arts and Humanities in 1999. The Library of Congress’ Living Legend Award came in 2003. On March 24, 2007, the World Folk Music Association sponsored a tribute concert in Washington, D.C.  Artists such as Harry Belafonte, Janis Ian, Peter, Paul and Mary, Oscar Brand, and Roger McGuinn appeared to honor her.

Odetta returned for concerts in her native Alabama at least three times before her death. In October 1993, she performed for an hour at the annual Kentuck Festival of the Arts in Northport. She told Kathy Kemp for an October 20 article in the Birmingham Post-Herald, “One of the few memories I have before leaving Alabama was pretending at music. I remember pounding on the piano and having an aunt claim a headache just to stop me.” Odetta performed in June 2000 in a Saturday night show at the City Stages Festival here in Birmingham.  In February 2005 Odetta appeared in Saturday night and Sunday afternoon shows at The Library Theatre in Hoover. She was accompanied by pianist Seth Farber, also a conductor for stage musicals including Hairspray on Broadway. According to Mary Colurso’s review in the Birmingham News, the 90-minute show included many songs from two recent albums—a 2001 tribute to blues singer Leadbelly, Looking for a Home, and the 1999 release Blues Everywhere I Go.

In addition to her musical career, she acted in several films and television shows, including the 1961 adaptation of William Faulkner’s novel Sanctuary and The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman in 1974. She was married three times, to Don Gordon, Gary Shead and blues musician Iverson Minter, known as Louisiana Red. The marriages to Gordon and Shead ended in divorce. She never had any children. Odetta died of heart disease in New York City on December 2, 2008, less than two months before she was scheduled to appear at Barack Obama’s inauguration. A memorial service was held in the city the following February. She was cremated and the ashes spread over the Harlem Meer, a man-made lake in Central Park.

Two photos of Odetta performing in Birmingham at the Municipal Auditorium in 1965 and City Stages in 2000 are available at her BhamWiki entry. 

Odetta performs at the Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham in October 1965

Source: Alabama Department of Archives & History Digital Collections

Further Reading
              

Uhl, John. Odetta: May the Circle Be Unbroken. Oxford American #71, 2010
http://www.oxfordamerican.org/articles/2011/apr/07/odetta-may-circle-be-unbroken/

Weiner, Tim. Odetta, Voice of Civil Rights Movement, Dies at 77. New York Times 3 December 2008

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/arts/music/03odetta.html?pagewanted=all




A version of this post appeared on the Birmingham History Center's blog in July 2012.